Oil burner



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Jan. 19 1926.

J. H. HILDEBRANDT OIL BURNER Filed Sept. 15 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 JZL/ENToK Patented Jan. 19, 1926.

JULIUS H. HILDBEMDT, OF, (ELEVELAJll'lZlt OHIO.

'oIL BURNER..

Application led September 15,4923. Serial N'o. 662,804.

To all` whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JULrUs H.'H1LDE BRANDT, a citizen of the United States,'re siding atl Cleveland, inthe county lof Cuyal 5 hoga 'and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in'an; Oil Burner, of which the following is a full, clear,I and exact description, reference' being had to the accompanying drawings.

`This invention relates to liquid fuelv burners particularly those wherein the fuel is fed by gravity while a forced draft supf plies air for supporting combustion. t Oneof the diculties heretofore experienced inthe operation of oil 'burners operating under' forced draft is the' factlthat'the intense heat burns out parts-.ofthe burner .in a comparatively short time. This. is`

especially vnoticeable in types of burners wherein the vair is led upwardly through suitable` manifolds, land then is .directe .downwardly and outwardly while being mixed with. the fuel. The air manifolds are thus directly in the path of the naine and hence any cracks or fissure which develop in the castings cause a leakage of air, and hence reduce the eiliciency of the burner.

@ne of the objects of my invention therefore, is the provision of an oil burner which is so constructed that sufficient air for effect` ing complete combustion may be obtained by forced draft without necessitating the positioning of any ofthe parts directly 1n the zone of highest temperature. In' this connection my invention contemplates the rovision of a liquid fuel burner which may e'readily inserted within existin furnaces, for enabling vthe introduction o sufficient air without necessitating extensive changes. in the construction of thejfurnace.

,A further object of Imy invention is the attainment of a liquid fuel burnerA which is extremely simple in construction, which has few parts upon which machine worlrmust be done, and which may be quickly assembled within the restricted area in which the burner is to be operated.

' Still another object of my invention is the arrangement of means for preventing the flow of excess oil into the ash it in the event of the dame being extinguis ed while the fuel is turned on.

rlhe preferred means for carrying out my drawings, while the essential characteristics d which is illustrated as 11. A

v lire invention is illustrated in the accompanying of my invention are summarized in the claims. 1

rIn the drawings, Fig. l is a vertical section through a portion of the furnace showing my invention installed thereinylig. l2l 1s a similar section-showing some of'` the 'burnerparts removed-from their 'normal position. toA illustrate the manner of assembly; Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the upper endof theJ air manifold; Fig. 4 isa section on an enlarged scale of a ortionof the apparatus shown in Fig. 1; ig. 5 is a sectionA taken on the linev 5-5 in Fig. 1,V and Figs. (tand 7 are sectional det tails on 1 an enlarged scale taken at 'right 70 angles tov each-other through the baille plate.

My invention is illustrated as applied to anliell burner and accordingly I have shown the burner within a furnace, the walls `of- 'which are indicated at 10, and the hase of 7'5 grate 12'is disposed across the top of the base and represents any rsuitable or convenient form of grate. An opening-13 in the base illustrates the opening for an ashpit door, while an opening' 14' in the furnace wall illustrates the opening for a fire boxl door. rEhe burner is adaptedI to be positioned upon the grate andfis arranged to lbe inserted through the box' door opening. The conduits through whichthe fuel and air are conducted are preferably arranged to be led through the ashpit door opening.

4The burner 'illustrated represents the down draft type. The fuel is arranged to enter' the burner lthrough a conduit 20 preferably by ravity from` whence it is caused to drop mto a distributor 21, which fis. illustrated as having a receptacle or pocket 22 directly beneath the end of the 95 conduit 20.- The fuel is then arranged to be led from thepocket 22 through lateral'- ly extending passageways 23 which terminate in a common basin or annular passageway 24, adjacent th'base of the distributor. Suitable conduits 25 areshown as bein spaced about the base of the distributor, an Y arranged to conduct the fuel from the basin. The fuel is thus caused to drop upon a baffle 26 indicated-as a conical member having the base portion thereof curved upwardly 'and outwardly, to provide an annular re-v ceptacle 27 in which the fuel mav collect.

The air for supporting combustion may be led into the burner through a supply pipe u 30 which is arranged to communicate with a conduit 31. The upper end. of the conduit may support a hood 32, wherefore suitable passageways 33 are provided to permit the -fuel upon the conical surface of the bame, and then to be deflected laterally into the furnace by a bame plate 35. Thus air and fuel are forced together downwardly, and

' then outwardly, into the furnace chamber.

The hood preferably comprises a hollow casting having a transverse wall 34 forming a continuation of the distributor 2l, and having the side walls thereofspaced from the conduit 3l.I The transverse wall is also shown as having a portion 36 which projects into the air conduit and provides a snug tit therewith, whereby th hood is posit1oned .automatically when pla' ed thereon. The necessity'for proper posi 'ioning/is occasioned by reason of the fact that the oilflowing downwardly from the receptacle 22 should flow evenly into the passa eways 23 to insure uniform distribution of /the fuel upon the batlie'26. As a further` aid to ,permit accurate positioning of the hood without 11ecessitating adjustment, I have shown the pas sageways or notches 33 in the air conduit as being three in number, wherefore the hood will rest evenly upon the top of the' conduit. The walls of the hood are preferably eX- tended above the transverse wall 34 and arranged to receive a closure 40 which may be attached thereto as by securing members 41. The conduit 20 is thenarranged to enter the center of the closure.

The air conduit preferably comprises a tubular casting having an enlargement thereon to provide the conical bams 26. The

.Y lower end of the air conduit preferably extends through registerinv openings in the base 46 and baffle 35 and projects into the ashpit through the center of the grate. As shown, a recess 45 is provided'to facilitate admission of the supply pipe 30.

The air conduit may be supported upon the baiile 35 which in turn is shown as resting upon a base 46.- This base may be a hollow casting which is arranged to rest directly upon the grate and to serve as a means for insuring the proper height of the llame within the furnace. A further purpose for the base-46 is to distribute the weightof the burner evenly over the grate wherefore proper adjustment may be made' by the use of shims between the base and the grate to insure level setting for the distributor.

The bathe 35 is illustrated as a dish-shaped f anonce form the baffle plate 35 has a hub 50 which enters a recess 5l and thereby serves to position the air conduit and to maintain it in adjusted relationship therewith. Suitable spaced ribs 52 may be .disposed on the underside of the baille plate for reinforcing purposes.

To prevent the over-flow of fuel into the ashpit in the event of the flame being extinguished while the fuel is turned on, l have illustrated a conduit 55, as attached to the bale plate 35 intermediate the hub and the outer marginal edges thereof. The lower end of this conduit leads into an over-dow receptacle 56 from which suitable lmechanism (not shown) may be provided to shut off the fuel supply when the level of fuel in the receptacle reaches a predetermined height. The point at which the conduit 55 leads from the baiiie plate is beneath a hori` zontal plane passing through the top of the hub 50, wherefore any excess fuel is prevented from leaking between the plate and the air conduit, and thence overflowing into the ashpit. Thus the hub 50, provides a receptacle While the conduit 55 comprises an outlet for surplus fuel before the fuelis allowed to flow over the edge of the plate or between the plate and the air conduit. To prevent filling of the passageway through the conduit 55, such` as by unconsumed carbon which may be deposited upon the .plate 35, I have shown means for protecting the opening leading to the passageway.. The preferred means is illustrated as a cover 57 which is preferably integral with the plate. rIhe cover surrounds the opening leading to the conduit on three sides as at 57, 58 and 59, respectively, thus leaving the rfmtu s1de open to permit the entrance of To permit automatic operation of a burner made in accordance with my invention, l h ave shown a means for maintaining a pilot light in operation which light will not be extinguished by the rush'v of air due to the forced draft. This pilot is operated by gas wh1ch may be led into the burner through a conduit 60 which is also shown as entering the furnace through the opening in the ashpit door. A conduit 62 housed within the air conduit 31 communicates at one end thereof with the fuel line 60, and at the other end with a conduit 65 which leads to a burner 64. This burner is shown in detail and claimed in my copending application, Serial Number 639,239, filed May 16, 1923.

The conduit 62 is preferably cast integral with the air conduit wherefore the conduit 60 may he readily disconnected, to permit dismantling of the burner This manner of uel connections enables the pipe connections to be made in the ashpit where sinhcient space is available for such work,

Referring now more scitically to Fig. 2,

iso

it will be seen that the various duid conduits may all be led into the furnace through the ashpit door opening while the various parts of the burner above the grate may be inserted one at a time through the furnace door lopening. In assembling -the burner, the base 46 is positioned on the grate whereupon the plate is placed over the base,

whence the air conduit together lwith they pilot burner attached thereto, is passed. through registering openings adjacent the midportion of the plate'35 and the base 46..

- my invention, the oil is turned on until the receptacle 27 ispractically filled, thereupon the oil is ignited either by the pilot light or by any other suitable means. The oil is thus burned until the baie 26 is sufficiently hot to vaporize the oil which subsequently iiows down the conduits 25. Thereupon,

the airis turned on and the flow of oil is' regulated to the desired degree of heat.

In view of the foregoing description it will be evident that my invention providesa liquid fuel burner which is very. sim le 1n constructionand whichl may be readi y inserted through the usual fire box door opening, and be quickly assembled without necessitatin extensive chan es in the construction o the furnace.l oreover, a burner made 'in accordance with my invention has few parts which are subjected to intenslve heat 'of the ame, wherefore the burning out ofthe essential parts is obviated.

I claim:

1. In a liquid fuel burner the combination with anupwardl extendin air con duit, of a laterally deecting ba e outside said conduit, a conical bame disposed above the first mentioned baiiie, a hood disposed above the conduit and extendin downwardly overv the sides thereof to eiiect downwardly air which is eected from the conduit, a liquid fuel 'stributor' associated with the hood, a centrally located pocket within the distributor, spaced passage-ways leading outwardly and downwardly from the pocket, said passage-ways terminating beyond the edges -of air conduit, whereby fuel is caused to intermingle with air in the region intermediate the hood and the outer walls of the conical baiiie, and a fuel supply conduit arranged to conduct liquid-fuel into said pocket.

2. In a liquid, fuel hurnerv the combination with an upwardly extending air conduit, of a conical baiile surrounding the conduit and having a trou h at the base thereof, a liquid fuel distri utor 'positioned on the conduit and having a centrally located ocket, there. being passage-ways extending radially from the ocket and terminating beyond the edges o the conduit, a liquid fuel supply conduit arranged to convey liquid fuel to the pocket, said passage-ways being arranged to conduct liquid fuel from the pocket'downwardly over the outer walls of the air conduit and onto the conical bafile, a hood associated with the distributor and functioning to effect commingling of air and liquid fuel, said hood extending downwardly below the upper end of the air conduit, a pilot light `disposed beneath .the distributor and intermediate the air conduit and hood, and a supply conduit for the pilot light extending through the air conduit.

I 3. In a liquid, fuel burner, the combination with a support, of a substantially cylindrical member having an' intermediate dividing wall, the wall having a portion thereof engaging the support in such manner as to. hold the peripheral position of the member in spaced relation to the support, said walhhaving a pocket adjacent the center thereof and an annular groove adjacent the4 periphery thereof, spaced passageways lead` ing from rthe pocket to the groove, a fuel inlet conduit arranged to convey fuel into said pocket and spaced passageways leading downwardly from the groove for conveying the fuel intermediate the support and the peripheral portion of said member.

4. In a liquid fuel burner, the combination with a support, of a substantially cylindrical member, said member. having a trans- .verse wall Iadapte-d y,to engage 'a support for positioning the member thereon, said wall' having an extension adjacent the mid-portion thereof, said extension having, a Pocket in the top thereof, a closure for said member, a fuel inlet conduit leading to the closure to conduct fuel into said pocket, and a plurality of spaced conduits leading downwardly from the pocket to conduct fuel between the support and the walls of said member.

5.. In a liquid fuel burner, the combination with an air conduit having a fuel conduit housed therein, a burner attached to the upper end of said fuel conduit to provide a pilot light, a hood rest-ing on the air conduit and having the walls thereof disposed in spaced relation to said burner, a liquid fuel supply conduit associated with the air oonduit, and` a liquid fuel-distributor arranged to convey liquid fuel downwardly and intermediate the air conduit and the hood, wherel by the liquid fuel and air are commingled in the region of said burner.

6. In a liquid fuel burner the combination with a vertically extending air conduit, of a fuel distributor positioned on said conduit, a.

hood enclosing said distributor, u, fuel inlet conduitl extending through the air conduit and terminating beneath the distributor and intermediate the walls of the air conduit and the hood` a conical balde associated with the air conduit and disposed beneath the distributor, said balile being adapted to deflect laterally7 fuel and air Howing downwardly between the air conduit and the hood, and

a second baille disposedbe'neath the rst mentioned battle and adapted to deect fur. ther laterally the commingled air and fuel.

7. ln a liquid fuel burner, the combination with a base having an opening disposed adjacent the midportion thereof, a dishshaped battle having an opening 4adapted to nanou-ine 8. ln a liquid fuel burner, the combination with a dish-shaped bae, of a conical hatlie disposed thereabove, an air conduit leading upwardly through the baes, means for deflecting air downwardly from said conduit, a fuel inlet conduit, and means for distributing fuel uniformly from said fuel conduit 'intermediate the walls of said air conduit and said air deflecting means.

9. ln a liquid fuel burner, the combination with a laterally deecting battle, of a substantially conical bae disposed thereaboves an air conduit leading upwardly through the conical baffle, a member associated with the conduit for detlecting air downwardly over said batlies, a fuel inlet conduit, and means associated with said' member for distributing fuel. uniformly intermediate said member and said air conduit whereby the/air and fuel conimingle when deected by said conical bao.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto ax my signature. i

J ULlUS H. HlLDEBRANDl. 

